It helps in the functioning of all the input/output devices. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. Moreover, the operating system is loaded into the main memory.Ī2. It initiates all the devices before starting any work on the computer. The starting up of the computer is known as booting. Once the user enters the login Id and password correctly the system finally starts. If any password has been set up in the computer system, the system checks for user authentication. In this step, system utilities are loaded into the memory. System utilities are basic functioning programs, for example, volume control, antivirus, etc. Drivers are programs that help in the functioning of the peripheral devices. In this step, the drivers are loaded into the main memory. The operating system starts working and executes all the initial files and instructions. In this step, the operating system is loaded into the main memory. Moreover, if any error occurs, the system produces a beep sound. Further, this test performs an initial check on the input/output devices, computer’s main memory, disk drives, etc. It is an initial test performed by the BIOS. It supplies electricity to the main components like BIOS and processor. It is the first step that involves switching the power ON. We can describe the boot process in six steps: 1. Restart button or CTRL+ALT+DELETE keys are used for warm boot. Therefore, in this condition the warm boot takes place. When the system gets stuck sometimes it is required to restart it while it is ON. Here, the computer does not start from the initial state. It refers to when we restart the computer. The instructions are read from the ROM and the operating system is loaded in the main memory. In other words, when the computer is started from its initial state by pressing the power button it is called cold boot. It is the process when we first start the computer. There are two types of booting: Cold BootingĪ cold boot is also called a hard boot.

Functional Components and their Interconnections.Browse more topics under Classification of Computers Among them, the hard drive is the most used one. Examples are the hard drive, floppy disk drive, CD drive, etc. Moreover, it contains the instructions and files which start the computer. Therefore, a boot device is a device that loads the operating system. Booting can be done either through hardware (pressing the start button) or by giving software commands.

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